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» A Century of Generalization 
This article aims to organise existing data to test the theory that, when a behavior has been established in response to a certain stimulus, novel stimuli resembling the first will usually elicit the same response.
http://cogprints.org/5279/01/ghirlanda_enquist2003.pdf
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» A Reproductive Dictatorship: Naked Mole-rats
The eusocial naked mole-rat is the mammalian equivalent of a social insect. This article discusses how and why the dominant queen and the infertile workers cooperate for the benefit of the whole colony.
http://webspace.qmul.ac.uk/cgfaulkes/CGFNMR.htm
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» About Gender: Ethology
An introduction to animal reproduction, maternal strategies, living in groups, dominance and male behavior. The rest of the site deals with human gender roles, variance and identity.
http://www.gender.org.uk/about/index.htm#ethol
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» Adaptation
Mark A McPeek outlines his research on how damselflies evade their predators, in particular the trade off they make between foraging rate and predation risk.
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~mcpeek/adaptation.html
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» Alina Simona Rusu
Researcher whose publications include coping strategies in mice, chemical communication in mammals and cognitive ethology.
http://www.geocities.com/a_s_rusu/
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» Alpha Status, Dominance, and Division of Labor in Wolf Packs
Describes the wolf-pack social order as it occurs in nature, discusses the alpha concept and social dominance and submission, and presents data on the precise relationships among members in free-living packs.
http://www.scallywags1.freeserve.co.uk/alstat/alstat.htm
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» Animal Behavior
A free online textbook from Wikibooks.
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Animal_Behavior
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» Animal Behavior Lab
Overview of current research at Macquarie University, Australia, with detailed material on each project.
http://galliform.bhs.mq.edu.au/
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» Animal Behavior and Sociobiology
Lecture on sociobiological behavior based on experimental animal observation from McMaster University, Canada.
http://www.science.mcmaster.ca/psychology/psych1a6/1aa3/EvoPsych/lec1-1.htm
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» Animal Behavior, Behavioral Ecology and Arachnology
Dr George Uetz at the University of Illinois is leading research into colonial web-building spiders, communication in wolf spiders and other aspects of arachnid behavior.
http://www.biology.uc.edu/faculty/uetz/sitemap.htm
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» Animal Behaviour
Birmingham University’s introduction to animal behavior for biology students. Covers a wide range of topics with references for further study and a quiz to test understanding.
http://www.animalbehaviour.org
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» Animal Behaviour Research Unit
Established in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania, ABRU undertakes long term research into yellow baboons and now also studies the African Elephant.
http://web.anglia.ac.uk/appsci/lifesci/abru/
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» Animal Cognition
Researchers at Edinburgh University are using both evolutionary and behavioral approaches to try to understand the factors that shape animal cognitive abilities.
http://cognition.icapb.ed.ac.uk
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» Animal Cognition Network
Provides links to current scientific literature in the field of animal cognition. Includes journal articles, reviews, books and relevant websites.
http://www.animalcognition.net
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» Animal Navigation Group
Provides an e-mail animal forum and disseminates news on animal navigation, orientation and migration through its newsletter and conferences.
http://www.rin.org.uk/sigs-branches/animal/animal-navigation-group
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» Antipredator Adaptations: Crypsis
Notes, with photographs, on the four cryptic strategies employed by animals to blend in with their background and avoid detection.
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~croman/crypsis/antipredator.htm
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» Article: Bee Behavior
By studying bees as individuals and as a colony, Stephen Taber researches how their behavior may be changed to our benefit. The site also provides a sourcebook for beekeeping.
http://www.beesource.com/pov/usda/beekpUSA33.htm
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» Avian Visual Cognition
This multimedia cyberbook provides a comprehensive survey of this area of comparative research with chapters by top international scientists.
http://www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/avc/toc.htm
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» Baboon and Impala Together
Discusses how baboons and impala interact. Offers scientific observations and images.
http://home.comcast.net/~tom-day/babim.html
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» Bear Center Conducts Hibernation Study
Article by Lynne L Rogers who has studied black bear behavior and ecology in northeastern Minnesota since 1969.
http://www.bear.org/Black/BlackBearResearch/Bear_Center_Conducts_Hibernation_Study.html
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» Bee Behavior
A project studying the behavior of bees as individuals and as a colony, including a live feed from a hive.
http://www.beebehavior.com/
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» Behavioral Ecology Research Group
Research on the evolution of social systems and social learning at the University of Queensland, Australia.
http://www.uq.edu.au/berg/
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» Behaviour
Article from the BBC Science and Nature series on why mammals have developed such complex social strategies.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/mammals/explore/behaviour.shtml
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» Behaviour: Altruism
Article discussing how helping another member of the same species may have benefits for the donor.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/mammals/explore/altruism.shtml
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» Behaviour: Looking after Relatives
Article discussing the reasons behind actions such as a female molerat working to help raise her mother's children.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/mammals/explore/relatives.shtml
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» Bird Behavior
Bird Behavior is an international and interdisciplinary journal that publishes research on avian behavior, including the areas of ethology, behavioral ecology, comparative psychology, and behavioral neuroscience.
http://www.ucc.uconn.edu/~millerd/bbframes.html
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» Braun Lab of Hydroacoustic Research and Discovery
Current research at Hunter College, New York, concentrates on the multiple sensory systems that fish use to detect moving and sound-producing objects, including the gymnotiform fishes that use electricity to communicate.
http://urban.hunter.cuny.edu/~cbraun/braunwebsite/Research.htm
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» Brood Parasitism
This essay describes the behavior of birds that lay their eggs in the nest of another species, with links to other essays covering similar topics.
http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Brood_Parasitism.html
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» Centre for Neuroscience and Animal Behaviour
Research into brain function and behavior, communication and higher cognition in animals as undertaken at the University of New England, Australia.
http://www.une.edu.au/cnab/
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» Chelonian Research Foundation
This foundation supports worldwide turtle and tortoise research and produces a journal – Chelian Conservation and Biology.
http://www.chelonian.org/
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» Chimpanzee Cultures
A searchable database of chimpanzee cultural behaviors.
http://culture.st-and.ac.uk/chimp/
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» Cognitive Architecture of a Mini-brain: The Honeybee
Article by Randolf Menzel and Martin Giurfa examining the extent to which adaptive behaviour in honeybees exceeds elementary forms of learning, and identifying the neural mechanisms involved.
http://groups.inf.ed.ac.uk/ppig/readinglist/minibrain.pdf
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» Cognitive Ecology: A Field of Substance?
Article arguing that a greater insight into behaviors such as animal orientation, song learning, mate choice and foraging is achieved by tackling the subject from more than one starting point.
http://cognition.icapb.ed.ac.uk/resources/pdf/Healy00.pdf
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» Compass Education and Training
Offers home study courses in animal behavior at intermediate and advanced level, and equine, feline, canine, reptile and parrot behavior and psychology studies.
http://www.neotericdesign.co.uk/compass1/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1
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» Conflict and Cooperation
Tamas Szekely provides a really short, illustrated guide to the family life of birds.
http://www.bath.ac.uk/podcast/powerpoint/Szekely_CharterDay2007.pdf
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» Consciousness in Animals and People with Autism
Temple Grandin discusses his views on animal consciousness, using comparisons from his experience with autism, citing scientific evidence on other neurological disorders which affect consciousness.
http://grandin.com/references/animal.consciousness.html
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» Cooperative Breeding
Communal breeding occurs when more than two birds of the same species provide care in rearing the young from one nest.
http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Cooperative_Breeding.html
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» Cophylogeny between Pocket Gophers and Chewing Lice
Article discussing the symbiotic association between gophers and chewing lice, creatures whose life histories are conducive to parallel speciation.
http://taxonomy.zoology.gla.ac.uk/~rdmp1c/book/draft/hafner.pdf
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» Deep-sea Octocorals as Homes for Other Species
Researchers at the Darling Marine Center at the University of Maine, examine the commensal relationships of octocorals with brittle stars and marine scale worms.
http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04mountains/background/commensals/commensals.html
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» Describing Social Insect Behaviour Using Process Algebra
Chris Tofts at University College Swansea, Wales, presents robust algorithms that describe three different ant behaviours: synchrony, task allocation and sorting
http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Chris_Tofts/Papers/SocialInsects.pdf
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» Dolphin Institute
Dedicated to conservation of and education about dolphins and whales. Research projects include dolphin echolocation.
http://www.dolphin-institute.org/
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» Dominance in Crayfish.
Article from the Journal of Neuroscience on patterns of behavior, including the activation of neural circuits, during the formation of a dominance hierarchy in crayfish.
http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/21/8/2759
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» Dominance in Domestic Hen Triads
The role of individual differences and patterns of resolution in the formation of dominance orders in domestic hen triads.
http://cogprints.org/1960/
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» EcoBirds: Anting
Article discussing the strange behavior adopted by some birds in using ants in preening or in some instances, lying down among ants.
http://birds.ecoport.org/Behaviour/EBanting.htm
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» Essay: A Baboon’s Life
An essay written by Robert Sapolsky in 1996 on violence between male baboons, aging and friendship.
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/stanfordtoday/ed/9607/9607essy01.shtml
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» Ethology
Tables of contents, contacts and subscription information from this journal by Blackwell Publishing.
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0179-1613
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» Fauna Communications Research
Institute that researches bioacoustics and animal communication, especially of endangered species.
http://animalvoice.com/
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» Feral Cats
Information on a study of feral cats in Portsmouth Naval Dockyard, United Kingdom, conducted by Jane Dards in the 1970s.
http://members.aol.com/catsferal/
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» Figs and Fig wasps
An example of mutualism, fig wasps only live for a few days but manage to perform their amazing task of finding and pollinating the flowers that are hidden deep inside the fig.
http://www.figweb.org/
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» Fish Behaviour
Describes certain behaviors that can indicate pain in fish and the behavioral evidence for the perception of pain by fish.
http://www.vet.ed.ac.uk/animalwelfare/Fish%20pain/Behaviour.htm
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» Fish and Shrimp Interactions
Details of research carried out by the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center on the behavior of fish with varying numbers of prey species and fish densities.
http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/fish_invert_ecology/predator_prey/fish_shrimp.jsp
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» Flocker 1.1
This free software quantifies and compares statistical measures of group size. It differentiates between outsiders' view (group size) versus insiders' view (crowding) measures, controls for the ties among data points in the latter case and handles biased
http://www.behav.org/flocker.htm
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» Group Mobbing Behaviour and Nest Defence
Outlines research carried out by Katheryn E Arnold using co-operative breeding Noisy Miners (Manorina melanocephala) in Australia on whether mobbing behavior assisted reproductive success.
http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/DEEB/ka/abstracts/ethology.pdf
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» Group Predation of Lions
An investigation into the visual cues required to coordinate the complex cooperative behavior involved in hunting.
http://www.cs.bath.ac.uk/~amb/papers/lionsIJCAI05.pdf
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» How Locusts Decide it is Time to Swarm
Article from the New Scientist discussing the factors that turn a relatively harmless cloud of insects into a devastating plague.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9255-how-locusts-decide-its-time-to-swarm.html
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» Hummingbirds and Torpor
Article by Devorah Bennu on the strategy used by hummingbirds to conserve energy in order to survive long cold nights.
http://scienceblogs.com/grrlscientist/2006/04/hummingbirds_and_torpor.php
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» Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery: Animal Architecture
Dr Michael Hansell has built up an extensive collection of animal artefacts, mainly bird and insect nests but also other fascinating items.
http://www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk/collections/zoology/animals/animal_architecture.shtml
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» Journal of Insect Behavior
With six editions a year, this journal covers a wide range of behavioral research.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/1572-8889/
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» Kohler’s Research on the Mentality of Apes
Excerpt from a book by Gould and Gould discussing the tests that Kohler set the chimpanzees he was marooned with during the First World War.
http://www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/psych26/kohler.htm
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» Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Rikkyo University
Current research includes the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior, avian behavioral ecology, and what behaviors help an animal to adapt to its environment.
http://www.rikkyo.ne.jp/grp/animal-ecology/en/
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» Long-distance Land Bird Migration
This article discusses the reasons for migration, its advantages and disadvantages, and the different patterns of migration adopted by different bird groups.
http://petcaretips.net/bird-migration.html
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» Mammal Research at JCU
Researchers at James Cook University are studying the life histories of several endangered Australian marsupials.
http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/tbiol/zoology/auxillry/mammals/mamres.html
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» Mammalian Hibernation
Article by Ken Muldrew on mammalian hibernation, sleep and torpor.
http://www.ucalgary.ca/~kmuldrew/cryo_course/cryo_chap12_1.html
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» Movie Archives of Animal Behavior
An online animal behavior video database available in various formats. Most clips filmed in Japan.
http://www.momo-p.com/index-e.html
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» Multiple Sexual Ornaments in Satin Bowerbirds
Article by Stephanie Doucet and Robert Montgomerie on their research into the interrelationship between bower features, plumage coloration, and indicators of male quality in this species.
http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/14/4/503
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» NPR: Animal Thought and Communication
Ira Flatow and guests look at thought and communication in apes, gorillas and monkeys [Real Audio broadcast].
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1601349
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» Nature-Wildlife
Besides photographing African wildlife, Spook Skelton provides notes on African mammals and their behaviour, gleaned from reading and direct observation.
http://www.nature-wildlife.com/
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» Nests and Nest-Building in Birds
Outlines a study of the Red Bishop, a colony breeding weaverbird from sub-Saharan Africa, and examines aspects of male nest-building behavior and resulting male reproductive success.
http://docserver.bis.uni-oldenburg.de/publikationen/dissertation/2005/metada05/pdf/introduction.pdf
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» Oklahoma University Behavioral Neuroscience
Research in the OU Zoology Department addresses major biological questions through studies of molecules, cells, organisms, and ecosystems to uncover mechanisms of physiology, development, behavior, and evolution.
http://www.ou.edu/oubns/
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» Ontologies for Ethology
Peter E. Midford's research in coding animal behavior descriptions, particularly ethograms using ontology.
http://www.mesquiteproject.org/ontology/
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» Overview of Our Research on the Variable Field Cricket
At the Wagner Laboratory at the University of Nebraska, research is being undertaken on the evolution of male singing behavior and female song preferences in the variable field cricket
http://cricket.unl.edu/research.html
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» Partnership in Birds
Article discussing monogamous birds and those that change partner, and why such divorces occur.
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/behavecol/jstacy_desertion.pdf
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» Pelican Lagoon Research Centre
This centre in Australia provides habitats for long term field studies, especially on monotremes, free from the impact of introduced species.
http://www.echidna.edu.au
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» Phenology
Animal activity and growth responses to seasonal climatic changes. Discussion of phenology data on animal cycles of life.
http://sws-wis.com/lifecycles/
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» Processing Towards Life
L Charles Birch discusses self-organisation as exampled by termites, ants and slime moulds, where patterns of behavior are determined, not by some centralised authority, but by local interactions about decentralised components
http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=2861
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» Reading: Manning and Dawkins, Animal Behavior
Notes on Chapters 2 to 7 of this book covering aspects of communication, learning, memory, evolution and social organisation.
http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/way/yek18/greg/docs/reading%20-%20Manning%20and%20Dawkins,%20animal%20behaviour.htm
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» ReefQuest
A comprehensive source of information on the biology of sharks and rays including behavioral studies.
http://www.elasmo-research.org/site_map.htm
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» Robot Modelling of Insect Proto-Cognition
D J Smith’s thesis concerns a bio-robotic investigation of the elementary forms of cognition that might be present in small brains, specifically insect brains.
http://www.ipab.informatics.ed.ac.uk/PROPOSALS/smith_thesis_proposal.pdf
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» Sexual Conflict, Ecology and Breeding Systems in Shorebirds
Paper by Tamas Szekely, Gavin Thomas and Innes Cuthill examining the different reproductive payoffs for male and female birds of adopting various diverse breeding systems.
http://www.bath.ac.uk/bio-sci/biodiversity-lab/publications/BioScience_Octobert2006.pdf
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» Sexual Selection in Bowerbirds
Research at the Borgia Lab concentrates on understanding the evolution of the complex sexual male displays in the Satin Bowerbird, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus.
http://www.life.umd.edu/biology/borgialab/
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» Slagsvold Group
A research group at the University of Oslo, Norway. Primary focus is on the study of sexual imprinting in small passerines.
http://folk.uio.no/larsejo/tits/index.php
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» Social Behaviour of African Wild Dogs
Katherine Green at the University of Sheffield, England, examines how the social behavior of the African wild dog is contributing to its high risk of extinction.
http://www.shef.ac.uk/aps/mbiolsci/green-kathleen/level3dissertation.pdf
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» The Centre for Avian Cognition
Research at the University of Nebraska covering a broad range of behavioral and cognitive studies on birds, each combining psychological and biological perspectives.
http://bsweb.unl.edu/avcog
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» The Dwarf Mongoose: Social Cooperation
Article discussing the benefit for dwarf mongooses of living in a cohesive group. Also describes their symbiotic cooperation with hornbills in Kenya.
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/vecase/behavior/Spring2003/Rizi/SC.htm
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» The European Union for Bird Ringing
EURING coordinates bird ringing throughout Europe and promotes research needed to inform the conservation and scientific understanding of wild birds.
http://www.euring.org
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» The Evolution of Imperfect Mimicry in Hoverflies
Article by Francis Gilbert describing Batesian mimicry and discussing the extent to which hoverflies succeed in mimicing bees, wasps and bumblebees.
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/archive/00000096/01/ImperfectMimicry.pdf
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» The Finch Self-Medication Website
Birds and animals have often been seen using plants, soil, insects or fungi as 'medicines'. William Astor explains his findings on this remarkable ability with regard to Estrildid finches.
http://astorwilliam.tripod.com/
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» The Gordon Lab
A long-term study of ant colony behavior, organization and ecology undertaken by Deborah Gordon and her colleagues at Stanford University.
http://www.stanford.edu/~dmgordon/
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» The Nest Building Behaviour of Higher Apes
Noel Egenter outlines his research into the ability of apes to weave branches into a stable construction and whether this requires a definite learning process.
http://home.worldcom.ch/~negenter/081NestbApes_E.html
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» The Peripheral Auditory Characteristics of Noctuid Moths
Research by Dean Waters into the auditory systems sensitive to ultrasound possessed by these moths and their ability to recognise and respond to the echolocation sounds emitted by bats.
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/199/4/857.pdf
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» The Pherobase
A searchable database of insect pheromones and semiochemicals, now covering over 7000 species of insect.
http://www.pherobase.com
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» The Ryan Lab
Situated at the University of Texas, this lab is addressing questions concerning the evolution and function of animal behavior. Most of the work centers on frogs and fish.
http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/ryan/
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» Theory of Mind in Nonhuman Primates
C M Heyes revisits the question asked by Premack and Woodruff, "Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?" This question dominates the study of both social behavior in nonhuman primates and cognitive development in children.
http://www.bbsonline.org/documents/a/00/00/05/46/bbs00000546-00/bbs.heyes.html
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» Universal Parasitism and the Co-evolution of Extended Phenotypes
Article by Richard Dawkins argues that we should ask “Which animal is benefiting from this behavior?” rather than asking “In what way is this animal benefiting from this behavior?” Parasites are used to illustrate this thesis.
http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/dawkins/WorldOfDawkins-archive/Dawkins/Work/Articles/1989univpara.shtml
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» Variation in Lekking Costs in Blackbuck
Researchers at the Wildlife Institute of India examine the hypothesis that among lekking males of the species Antilope cervicapra, variations in lekking costs is related to differences in mating benefits.
http://people.pwf.cam.ac.uk/ks410/Isvaran_Jhala_2000.pdf
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» Warning Colour and Mimicry
Mimicry is a great example of evolution by natural selection. Outline of a lecture on the subject from the Evolutionary Genetics course at University College, London.
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbhdjm/courses/b242/Mimic/Mimic.html
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» Why Grandmothers?
Article by Devorah Bennu examining whether grandmothers play any part in the cooperative rearing of young birds.
http://scienceblogs.com/grrlscientist/2007/09/why_grandmothers.php
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» Wolf Behavior
Dedicated to the general public education of the behavioral habits of the wolf. Includes data on reproduction and diet.
http://www.freewebs.com/alphawolfsabrina/
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