» Blood Conservation and Avoidance    Forum to investigate, discuss and report techniques in blood conservation and alternatives to blood transfusion.    http://www.noblood.org/

» Bloodless Medicine Research    "Bloodless medicine" is a modern field of research which studies the available strategies for providing medical care without allogeneic transfusions. In most cases this is undertaken because of religious convictions, but not always.  Any techno    http://www.med.unipi.it/patchir/bloodl/bmr.htm

» Bloodless Medicine and Surgery Institute (BMSI)    A private, educational institute founded in 1997 in Cleveland, Ohio by nationally recognized leaders in the bloodless field. Through our research, we continually develop new standards for applying bloodless medical techniques. Through our education effort    http://www.bmsi.net/

» International Society for Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes & Immobilization Biotechnology (ISABI)    This group was formed in 1976 to encourage research, development and clinical applications in related areas.    http://www.artcell.mcgill.ca/ISABI.htm

» International Study of Peri-Operative Transfusion (ISPOT) Investigators    A group of researchers from ten countries who are studying the use of technologies to minimize allogeneic blood transfusion (blood from volunteer donors) in patients undergoing elective surgery.    http://www.lri.ca/programs/ceu/ispot/default.htm

» Medical Care and Blood    With good reason, many now ask, 'How safe are blood transfusions?' But this is more than a medical issue. It has made news involving Jehovah's Witnesses. Have you wondered why these ethical people, who believe in good medicine, refuse to accept blood?    http://www.watchtower.org/medical_care_and_blood.htm

» Scientific American: Ask the Experts: Medicine    How do scientists make artificial blood? How effective is it compared with the real thing?    http://www.sciam.com/askexpert_question.cfm?articleID=0007ACC0-ACD3-1C71-9EB7809EC588F2D7